Black- footed ferret - Wikipedia. The black- footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), also known as the American polecat. It is listed as endangered by the IUCN, because of its very small and restricted populations. First discovered by Audubon and Bachman in 1. It was declared extinct in 1.

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Lucille Hogg's dog brought a dead black- footed ferret to her door in Meeteetse, Wyoming in 1. However, a captive breeding program launched by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service resulted in its reintroduction into eight western states and Mexico from 1. There are now over 1,0.

South Dakota (two), Arizona and Wyoming. In contrast, differences between the black- footed ferret and the steppe polecat of Asia are slight, to the point where the two species were once thought to be conspecific.

The species appeared in the Great Basin and the Rockies by 7. The oldest recorded fossil find originates from Cathedral Cave, White Pine County, Nevada, and dates back to 7. This suggests that the black- footed ferret and prairie dogs did not historically have an obligate predator- prey relationship. The earliest reported occurrence of the species is from a late Illinoian deposit in Clay County, Nebraska, and is further recorded from Sangamonian deposits in Nebraska and Medicine Hat.

Fossils have also been found in Alaska dating from the Pleistocene. The forehead is arched and broad, and the muzzle is short. It has few whiskers, and its ears are triangular, short, erect and broad at the base. The neck is long and the legs short and stout. The toes are armed with sharp, very slightly arched claws. The feet on both surfaces are covered in hair, even to the soles, thus concealing the claws.

Its skull resembles that of polecats in its size, massiveness and the development of its ridges and depressions, though it is distinguished by the extreme degree of constriction behind the orbits where the width of the cranium is much less than that of the muzzle. Though similar in size to polecats, its attenuate body, long neck, very short legs, slim tail, large orbicular ears and close- set pelage is much closer in conformation to weasels and stoats. Females are typically 1. The top of the head and sometimes the neck is clouded by dark- tipped hairs.

The face is crossed by a broad band of sooty black, which includes the eyes. The feet, lower parts of the legs, the tip of the tail and the preputial region are sooty- black. The area midway between the front and back legs is marked by a large patch of dark umber- brown, which fades into the buffy surrounding parts. A small spot occurs over each eye, with a narrow band behind the black mask.

The sides of the head and the ears are dirty- white in color. Home ranges of males may sometimes include the home ranges of several females. A female that was tracked from December to March occupied 3. Her territory was overlapped by a resident male that occupied 3. The average density of black- footed ferrets near Meeteetse, Wyoming, is estimated at 1 black- footed ferret /9.

As of 1. 98. 5, 4. Movement of black- footed ferrets between prairie dog colonies is influenced by factors including breeding activity, season, sex, intraspecific territoriality, prey density, and expansion of home ranges with declining population density. Nightly movement distance of 1. Nightly activity areas of black- footed ferrets ranged from 1 to 3.

February to March (1. December to January (3. Males establish activity areas to maximize access to females, resulting in larger activity areas than those of females. Black- footed ferrets may travel up to 1. In areas of high prey density, black- footed ferret movements were nonlinear in character, probably to avoid predators.

Distance traveled between white- tailed prairie dog burrows from December to March averaged 7. It is probably polygynous, based on data collected from home range sizes, skewed sex ratios, and sexual dimorphism. During copulation, the male grasps the female by the nape of the neck, with the copulatory tie lasting from 1. Litter size ranges from 1–5 kits.

Kits first emerge above ground in July, at 6 weeks old. Dispersal distances may be short or long. Near Meeteetse, Wyoming, 9 juvenile males and 3 juvenile females dispersed 1 to 4 miles (1. Four juvenile females dispersed a short distance (< 0. In western Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Montana, black- footed ferrets historically associated with white- tailed prairie dogs and were forced to find alternate prey when white- tailed prairie dogs entered their four- month hibernation cycle. In South Dakota, black- footed ferrets associate with black- tailed prairie dogs.

Powder River Basin In Wyoming

Because black- tailed prairie dogs do not hibernate, little seasonal change in black- footed ferret diet is necessary. Mouse remains occurred in 2. Mouse remains could not be identified to species; however, deer mice, northern grasshopper mice, and house mice were captured in snap- trap surveys. Potential prey items included thirteen- lined ground squirrels, plains pocket gophers, mountain cottontails, upland sandpipers, horned larks, and western meadowlarks. Other food items included deer mice, sagebrush voles, meadow voles, mountain cottontails, and white- tailed jackrabbits.

Water is obtained through consumption of prey. Online Dating Games Like Imvu more. They concluded that this dietary requirement would require protection of 9.

Its range extended from southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan south to Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. High densities of prairie dog burrows provide the greatest amount of cover for black- footed ferrets. Black- footed ferret litters near Meeteetse, Wyoming, were associated with mounded white- tailed prairie dog burrows, which are less common than non- mounded burrows. Mounded burrows contain multiple entrances and probably have a deep and extensive burrow system that protects kits. Males have higher rates of mortality than females because of longer dispersal distances when they are most vulnerable to predators. Habitat loss results from agriculture, livestock use, and other development.

They are fatally susceptible to canine distemper virus. Black- footed ferrets are also susceptible to rabies, tularemia, and human influenza.

They can directly contract sylvatic plague (Yersinia pestis), and epidemics in prairie dog towns may completely destroy the ferrets' prey base. Seismic activity collapses prairie dog burrows.

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Other problems include potential leakages and spills, increased roads and fences, increased vehicle traffic and human presence, and an increased number of raptor perching sites on power poles. Traps set for coyotes, American mink, and other animals may harm black- footed ferrets. Dating For Parents Of Disabled. When we consider the very rapid manner in which every expedition that has crossed the Rocky Mountains, has been pushed forward, we cannot wonder that many species have been entirely overlooked.. The habits of this species resemble, as far as we have learned, those of . It feeds on birds, small reptiles and animals, eggs, and various insects, and is a bold and cunning foe to the rabbits, hares, grouse, and other game of our western regions.— Audubon and Bachman (1. Louis in the late 1. During the early years of predator control, black- footed ferret carcasses were likely discarded, as their fur was of low value.

This likely continued after the passing of the Endangered Species Act of 1. The large drop in black- footed ferret numbers began during the 1. Sylvatic plague, a disease caused by Yersinia pestis introduced into North America, also contributed to the prairie dog die- off, though ferret numbers declined proportionately more than their prey, thus indicating other factors may have been responsible. Plague was first detected in South Dakota in a coyote in 2. Pine Ridge Reservation in 2.

Thereafter 7,0. 00 acres of prairie dog colonies were treated with insecticide (Delta. Dust) and 1,0. 00 acres of black- footed ferret habitat were prophylactically dusted in Conata Basin in 2. Nevertheless, plague was proven in ferrets in May 2. Since then each year 1.

Conata Basin habitat is dusted and about 5. Canine distemper devastated the Meeteetse ferret population in 1. A live virus vaccine originally made for domestic ferrets killed large numbers of black- footed ferrets, thus indicating that the species is especially susceptible to distemper. This is one of the first examples of assisted reproduction contributing to conservation of an endangered species in nature.

Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), state and tribal agencies, private landowners, conservation groups, and North American zoos, have actively reintroduced ferrets back into the wild since 1. Beginning in Shirley Basin. The Toronto Zoo has bred hundreds, most of which were released into the wild.

In May 2. 00. 0, the Canadian Species at Risk Act listed the black- footed ferret as being an extirpated species in Canada. In September 2. 00.

South Dakota's ferret population was estimated to be around 4. Eagle Butte, South Dakota which is 1. South Dakota, 7. 0 miles East of Rapid City, South Dakota in the Buffalo Gap National Grassland bordering Badlands National Park, 1. Eagle Butte, SD on Cheyenne River Indian Reservation and about 4. Rosebud Indian Reservation. An August 2. 00. 7 report in the journal Science counted a population of 2. Wyoming (the original number of reintroduced ferrets, most of which died, was 2.

In 2. 00. 8, the IUCN reclassified the species as . In 2. 00. 5, the U.

S. Forest Service began poisoning prairie dogs in private land buffer zones of the Conata Basin of Buffalo Gap National Grassland, SD. Because 1. 0–1. 5 ranchers complained the measure was inadequate, the forest service advised by Mark Rey, then Undersecretary of Agriculture, expanded its .

Fish and Wildlife Service. Following exposure by conservation groups including the Climate, Community & Biodiversity Alliance and national media. Forest Service are exemplified in what the Rosebud Sioux tribe experienced: The ferret was reintroduced by the USFWS, which according to the tribe promised to pay more than $1 million a year through 2.